What is Algorithm?

Understanding Algorithm

A mathematical function that is used in the encryption and decryption processes. In cryptography, algorithms are step-by-step procedures for performing cryptographic operations such as encryption, decryption, digital signatures, or hash functions. Modern security relies on standardized algorithms like AES, RSA, and SHA-256, which have undergone extensive cryptanalysis. Security frameworks like FIPS 140-2 specify approved cryptographic algorithms for secure systems. Organizations implement cryptographic algorithms through hardware security modules, cryptographic libraries, and secure key management processes. For example, a bank might use the AES algorithm to encrypt sensitive customer data in transit and at rest. Related terms: Cryptography, Encryption, Cipher, Key management, Cryptanalysis, Cryptographic strength.