Introduction to Linux

INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Linux operating system features
• Multiuser and multitasking
• Hierarchical file system
• User-selectable command language
• Graphical user interfaces based on X
• Network communication services
• Highly portable kernel and utilities
Present versions
• Redhat
• SUSE
• Debian
• Mandriva
• Knoppix
• Kali
• Others

GETTING STARTED WITH LINUX
Logging in and using the system
• User names and passwords
• Command line syntax: commands, arguments, options
• Accessing and searching the online reference manual using man
Linux graphical interfaces

• GNOME
• KDE
• Documentation viewers
GUI facilities
• Front panel and workspace window
• Terminal emulator
• File manager
• Style manager
• Window control

THE LINUX FILE SYSTEM
Manipulating files
• Copying, moving, linking, removing
• Remote file copy and display
• File attributes
• The vi editor
• Controlling access
• Comparing, printing
The Directory Hierarchy
• Root, current and home directories
• Creating and removing directories
• Finding files
• Device special files

THE KORN & BASH SHELLS
Linux system essentials
• shells: sh, ksh, bash, others
• File permissions: chmod
• Files, directories, links
• Linux hierarchy
• The find command

Basic features
• Displaying and using command history
• Background jobs
• Process status
• Filename “wildcards”
• Substitutions
• Redirection and pipes
Advanced features
• Metacharacter suppression
• Variables
• Environment variables
• Aliases
• Startup files
• Compatibility with sh

FILTERS AND PIPELINES
Concepts and basic filters
• Input, output and error streams
• sort, cat, grep, wc, tail, head, others
•
Advanced filters
• sed and awk
• tee and xargs
Using regular expressions
• egrep, sed
• sed, vi

INSTALLING LINUX
Local disk systems
• Installing standalone
• Disk partitioning
• Disk naming–physical vs. logical
Memory
• Virtual memory: paging and swapping
• Processes in memory
• Manage swap space
Booting
• Boot files: BSD versus SVR4
• init and inittab
• Starting system services: Daemons
• Customizing system startup
• systemd features
Maintaining file systems
• Linux, DOS and CD-ROM file systems
• Making file systems with mkfs
• Mounting file systems
• Consistency checking with fsck
• Inodes and superblocks
• Using ln and ln -s

MONITORING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Disk, CPU and memory usage
• Checking disk usage with df and du
• Listing processes with ps
• Manage process priorities with nice and renice
• Stopping jobs using kill and killall
• Virtual memory statistics

ADDING SOFTWARE AND BACKUPS
Distribution formats
• Adding packages with rpms and tarballs
• Removing packages
System backup and recovery
• The dump and restore commands
• Other backup utilities: dd, tar

Manage shared libraries
• The ldd and ldconfig commands
• The LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable

ADMINISTRATION FOR USERS
Acting as the superuser
• Managing users and groups
• System initialization: init v systemd process
• The grub bootloader
• System shutdown: shutdown command
• Daemon processes
• cron
Managing file systems
• Backup/restore with tar
• Compression with gzip and bzip2
• Accessing local and remote file systems